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Does AI Assistance Enhance or Erode Expertise? Evidence from a Three-Month Field Experiment in Patent Drafting

David Autor, Tanya Rodchenko, Josh Martin, Zanna Iscenko, Scott Strand, David Pearl, and Melissa Ferere

October 2026

AI assistance in expertise-intensive work presents a tension between performance and learning: AI tools may raise the quality of the work a professional delivers while stunting the expertise they would otherwise develop in producing it. In a pre-registered three-month randomized controlled trial, the research team led by Blueprint Director, David Autor, gave 133 practicing patent lawyers at eleven U.S. intellectual property law firms access to a custom AI patent drafting assistant and measured both their performance while using AI and their professional judgment afterward without it.